Insomnia 305.qxp
نویسنده
چکیده
THE DIAGNOSTIC AND STATISTICAL MANUAL OF MENTAL DISORDERS, FOURTH EDITION (DSM-IV) DEFINES PRIMARY INSOMNIA AS A COMPLAINT OF DIFFICULTY initiating and/or maintaining sleep or of nonrestorative sleep lasting for at least 1 month.1 The revised version of the International Classification of Sleep Disorders, Revised (ICSD-R) uses the term psychophysiologic insomnia and regards insomnia of 6 months duration as chronic.2 Contemporary understanding of psychophysiologic insomnia refers to underlying conditioned physiologic arousal3-5 and learned sleep-preventing associations,6,7 with these components being regarded as mutually reinforcing (ICSD-R). However, it is also recognised that the presenting complaint usually reflects mental more than somatic preoccupation,8-10 and so an interaction between behavioral, physiologic, and cognitive factors in the development and persistence of psychophysiologic insomnia has been proposed.11-15 Sleep disturbance presenting in a psychiatric condition has been regarded as “secondary” to (DSM-IV) or, more descriptively, as “associated with” mental disorder (ICSD-R). The latter can be readily observed, whereas causality would need to be carefully evidenced. To take the example of depression, there is in fact strong evidence that preexisting insomnia is a risk factor for first incidence and recurrence of a depressive episode.16-20 These findings are rein-
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Editorial: Organic carbon pools in permafrost regions on the Qinghai–Xizang (Tibetan) Plateau
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OBJECTIVE To examine whether cognitive-emotional hyperarousal is a premorbid characteristic of middle-aged and young good sleepers vulnerable to stress-related insomnia. METHODS Self-reported information was collected from two samples of 305 middle-aged and 196 young adults. From those adults, 149 middle-aged (50.34 +/- 4.47 years) and 85 young (20.19 +/- 1.31 years) good sleepers were select...
متن کاملThe Pilot Survey of the Perception on the Practice Pattern, Diagnosis, and Treatment on Korean Medicine Insomnia: Focusing on the Difference between Korean Medical Neuropsychiatry Specialists and Korean Medical General Practitioners
Introduction This study aims to investigate the clinical practice states on the diagnosis and treatment for insomnia between Korean medical general practitioners (KMGPs) and Korean medical neuropsychiatry specialists (KMNPSs). Methods We distributed questionnaires via email or in person to 1,017 KMGPs and via email to 165 KMNPSs. We collected and analyzed responses from 305 (30.00%) KMGPs and...
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